根据美国国家公共广播电台（NPR）的报道，川P总统于2025年4月宣布的新一轮进口关税政策，预计将导致美国消费者在超市和酒类商店的购物成本上升。
经济学家指出，以下10种食品和饮品可能因新关税而价格上涨：
1. 海鲜：特别是从中国、越南和加拿大进口的鱼类和贝类。
2. 橄榄油：主要来自西班牙和意大利的进口产品。
3. 咖啡：尤其是来自哥伦比亚和越南的进口咖啡豆。
4. 巧克力：由于可可豆价格上涨，巧克力制品成本增加。
5. 葡萄酒和烈酒：包括法国、意大利和墨西哥的进口酒类。
6. 奶酪：尤其是来自欧洲的高端奶酪产品。
7. 罐头食品：如汤类和蔬菜罐头，受到钢铁和铝材关税的间接影响。
8. 冷冻蔬菜和水果：主要来自墨西哥和加拿大的进口产品。
9. 坚果和干果：如杏仁和葡萄干，进口成本上升。
10. 啤酒：特别是使用进口原材料的啤酒品牌。
这些关税政策不仅影响消费者的日常开支，还对零售商和供应链造成压力。例如，Stew Leonard's超市连锁店的首席执行官表示，尽管对大多数国家的关税已暂停90天，但对中国的关税仍在实施，导致库存压力和成本上升。
此外，经济学家警告称，即使关税政策在未来被取消，价格可能不会迅速回落。这是因为企业可能已经将成本转嫁给消费者，形成“粘性价格”现象。
总体而言，这些关税政策可能导致美国消费者在食品和饮品上的支出增加，尤其是对低收入家庭影响更为显着。
报道原文：
Higher prices are likely for these 10 grocery items when tariffs hit
A trip to the grocery or liquor store is about to become even more expensive, economists say, following the latest round of import tariffs announced by President Trump on Wednesday. Those tariffs — taxes paid by businesses on goods from abroad — come on the heels of a previous round aimed specifically at Canada, Mexico and China.
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Prices for items such as seafood, coffee, wine, nuts and cheese are all expected to rise. And if you're tempted to grab a candy bar while you're in the checkout line, you'll probably have to pay more for that as well.
Food industry analyst Phil Lempert, also the editor of supermarketguru.com, estimates that with the latest tariffs "probably almost half of the products in a supermarket — about 40,000 products — will be affected by these tariffs, whether it's the entire product or just an ingredient."
Joseph Balagtas, a professor of agricultural economics at Purdue University, says food prices will also be affected by other factors related to tariffs, such as higher costs for fertilizer from Canada and a weaker U.S. dollar.
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"A main takeaway here is that the country-specific, food-specific tariffs will not tell the whole story," he says. "This is such a big change in policy that there will be broader implications."
It's impossible yet to know how much the tariffs will affect prices, but with the 10% tariff for many countries and higher "reciprocal tariffs" on other nations, the tariff rates by country could provide some clues.
Here are 10 grocery items you might want to keep an eye on and their country of origin (with tariff rates in parentheses).
Seafood
Some top sources: Chile (10%), India (26%), Indonesia (32%) and Vietnam (46%) are the largest suppliers, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
President Trump holds a chart as he delivers remarks on reciprocal tariffs.
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This category is likely to take a big hit because the U.S. imports the vast majority of its seafood — up to 85% according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration — and several countries that supply fish and shellfish to the U.S. have been among the hardest hit by the tariffs.
Coffee
Top sources: Brazil (10%) and Colombia (10%), according to USDA.
A roaster holds coffee beans ready to be ground. The cost of raw, or green, coffee has soared following drought in top-grower Brazil.
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The U.S. is the world's largest importer of coffee, with about 80% of U.S. roasted imports coming from Latin America. More than 60% comes from just two countries — Brazil and Colombia, USDA says.
Fruit
Some top sources: Guatemala (10%), Costa Rica (10%) and Peru (10%)
Guatemala and Costa Rica are leading exporters of bananas to the U.S. Guatemala also ships melons, plantains and papayas, according to USDA, while Costa Rica exports pineapples, avocados and mangoes.
"These products don't have a long shelf life, and with the tariffs, we're going to face significant issues with both price and availability," Lempert says.
Alcohol
Top sources for wine: the European Union — France, Italy and Spain (20%). New Zealand (10%) and Australia (10%), according to USDA.
Top sources for beer: Mexico (25%), the Netherlands and Ireland (both with the EU's 20% tariff) and Canada (25%)
This photo shows cans of soup, vegetables and beans lining the shelves of a grocery store aisle. A man stands in the aisle, looking at the cans.
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If your favorite summer beverage is Modelo, Corona, Heineken or Guinness, you'll likely be paying more. Tequila imports from Mexico have also seen a surge in recent years and will be affected by the tariffs.
Lempert says the imported alcohol sector is likely "to be clobbered." He also notes that beer sold in cans is also going to get a double hit due to tariffs on China and other aluminum producers.
Beef
Some top sources: New Zealand (10%) and Australia (10%), according to USDA.
Although 90% of beef consumed in the U.S. is domestically produced, tariffs will likely add to existing price pressures. The cost of ground beef for consumers, for example, is already at historic highs and according to the USDA, the U.S. cattle herd is the smallest it's been since 1951.
Rice
Top sources: Thailand (36%) and India (26%), according to USDA.
Although most rice sold in the U.S. is domestically produced, nearly a third is imported, mainly jasmine rice from Thailand and basmati rice from India.
Cheese
Top sources: Italy, France, Spain and the Netherlands (all subject to 20% EU tariff), according to USDA.
Parmigiano-Reggiano, brie and Gouda could also see price rises.
Nuts
Top sources: Vietnam (46%), Ivory Coast (21%), Brazil (10%), Thailand (36%), according to the World Bank.
Cashews, pecans and macadamia nuts are likely to see the largest price increases.
Chocolate
Top source: Ivory Coast (21%) and Ecuador (10%), according to USDA.
The Hershey Company, one of the largest U.S. importers of cocoa beans, says it sources its supply from Brazil, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea and Peru.
NPR reached out to Hershey, which makes Reese's Peanut Butter Cups and Kit Kat bars, among others, to inquire about future price increases. A spokesman for Hershey, Todd Scott, said the company could not comment because it is in an earnings window.
However, Lempert says the tariffs come on top of "serious increases in cocoa beans for probably the past two or three years because of the weather and the political climate in … Africa."
Olive oil
Top sources: European Union (20%), particularly Spain, Italy and Greece.
"Olive oil prices have gone through the roof," Lempert says. "They're going to go even higher."
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